Abstract Background Many physiological processes are influenced by nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR). ranging from neuromuscular and parasympathetic signaling to modulation of the reward system and long-term memory. Due to the complexity of the nAChR family and variable evolutionary rates among its members. their evolution in vertebrates has been difficult to resolve. https://cosmeticssquadets.shop/product-category/gift-set/